2021年9月21日，習近平主席在第76屆聯合國大會一般性辯論期間提出全球發展倡議。這是中國向國際社會提供的又一重大公共產品。

當前，發展中國家仍然是全球發展問題的“多發地”，在落實2030年可持續發展議程上面臨嚴峻挑戰。世界銀行2022年《全球經濟展望》指出,發展中國家“硬着陸”風險上升。不僅發展中國家債務問題遠未解決，部分國家和地區甚至因疫返貧、因疫生亂，部分發展中國家治理失效增加了全球發展赤字的複雜性。在現有發展框架下，南北合作進展緩慢，發達國家對發展中國家的官方發展援助不及承諾數額的一半，特別是最不發達國家在實現可持續發展目標上還遠遠落後於全球步伐。

不僅發展中國家原有發展進程停滯倒退，發達國家也同樣面臨新的發展挑戰。新冠肺炎疫情發生以來，國際社會多年積累的發展成果遭受嚴重侵蝕。2021年7月聯合國秘書長古特雷斯表示，2020年，全球有72億至8.11億人面臨飢餓，比2019年增加了約1.61億人，數據表明，在2030年實現可持續發展目標方面，世界“在很大程度上未在既定軌道之上”。世界經濟疫後復蘇步履維艱，部分發達國家通脹水平上升至多年高位，美歐加息給全球經濟帶來滯脹挑戰。烏克蘭局勢持續動蕩對歐元區經濟造成嚴重影響，國際能源和糧食價格不斷走高，全球供應鏈紊亂加劇。南北各方對於全球發展赤字仍存在認知赤字，割裂的全球意識成為制約全球發展合作的主要障礙。

根據聯合國《2021年可持續發展目標進展報告》，疫情造成2030年可持續發展議程下的17個目標進度放緩，部分領域甚至出現倒退，人類發展指數30年來首次下降。

正是在這種時代背景下，全球發展倡議和“一帶一路”倡議作為中國為全球提供的雙方案，把促進共同發展置於突出位置，形成了新發力點和新結合點。

全球發展倡議核心是推動共同發展，它以發展優先、以人民為中心、普惠包容、創新驅動、人與自然和諧共生、行動導向這“六個堅持”為內涵，以構建全球發展命運共同體為目標。“人類命運休戚與共，各國利益緊密相連”，最終推動構建人類命運共同體。

全球發展倡議與2020年聯合國“行動十年”規劃彼此呼應，共同聚焦減貧脫貧、糧食安全、經濟復蘇、教育衛生等當前發展中國家面臨的最緊迫問題，提供“21世紀的解決方案”。為此，“一帶一路”倡議可以發揮重要平台作用，共同落實可持續發展目標。世界銀行《“一帶一路”經濟學》報告預測，到2030年，“一帶一路”倡議有望幫助相關國家760萬人擺脫極端貧困、3200萬人擺脫中度貧困，這為全球發展合作注入了新動力。

全球發展議程已經進入倒計時，17項可持續發展目標和169項具體目標必須在2030年之前實現。全球發展倡議與“一帶一路”倡議由中國提出，它把握全球發展脈搏和迫切需求，得到國際社會積極響應和廣泛支持。全球發展倡議與“一帶一路”實現相互促進、協同增效，需要從三個維度推動落實。

一是團結廣大發展中國家，進一步釋放南南合作潛力，在南南合作框架內為其他發展中國家落實2030年可持續發展議程提供力所能及的幫助，尊重發展中國家平等的發展機會和權利，遵循務實合作的行動指南，把握數字經濟、疫苗合作、互聯互通和綠色發展等領域發展機遇，開展聯合自強。要堅持“共同但有區別的責任”等原則，要求發達國家言行一致，支持發展中國家綠色低碳轉型。同時探索新經濟形態和新發展模式，幫助廣大發展中國家促進經濟和社會恢復與發展。

二是聯合發達國家，進一步縮小南北發展鴻溝。2015年7月1日，中國成為經合組織（OECD）發展中心成員。中國改革開放探索出的“有為政府+有效市場”的經濟發展模式具有巨大吸引力。發達國家在疫後為加速經濟復蘇所採取的措施和國際發展承諾，將決定未來5年甚至10年的發展道路，直接影響2030年可持續發展目標的實現。為此應敦促發達國家落實發展援助承諾，實施負責任的宏觀經濟政策，遏制高通脹向全球蔓延，減少對發展中國家的負面外溢效應。要共同反對任何國家和個人搞技術封鎖、科技鴻溝、發展脫鉤，以推動南北合作。

三是加強和發揮聯合國作用，踐行多邊主義。要繼續推動聯合國將發展置於議程核心位置，將踐行多邊主義貫穿在國際發展合作的各方面。旗幟鮮明地反對單邊主義和保護主義，反對意識形態劃線和發展問題政治化。要堅持國際上的事大家商量着辦，繼續堅持南北合作為主渠道、南南合作為補充的國際發展合作格局，在多邊發展框架內推動和引領全球發展合作的話語體系、知識構建、範式研究。同時推動私營部門、非政府組織、專家智庫、媒體等積极參与落實2030年議程。

總之，通過對發展問題“再聚焦”、對可持續發展目標“再承諾”、對全球夥伴關係“再提振”、對國際發展合作“再激活”，中國為縮小南北鴻溝、破解發展不平衡提出了“路線圖”，為推進聯合國2030年可持續發展議程提供了“加速器”，為推動實現更加強勁、綠色、健康的全球發展和構建人類命運共同體凝聚起強大合力。

In September, President Xi Jinping proposed the Global Development Initiative during debate in the 76th session of the United Nations General Assembly. This is a major public good that China is offering to the international community.

At present, developing countries are still hotbeds of global development problems and face serious challenges in implementing the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. According to the World Bank's Global Economic Prospects 2022, the risks of a hard landing for developing countries are increasing. Not only are their debt problems far from being solved but some countries and regions have even returned to poverty and chaos as a result of the pandemic. The failure of governance in some developing countries has increased the complexity of the global development deficit.Under the existing development framework, progress in South-North cooperation has been slow, and assistance from developed countries to developing ones stands at less than half the pledged amount, especially for the least-developed countries, which are still far behind the global pace in achieving sustainable development goals.

Not only is the original development process in developing countries stagnant and regressive but even developed countries are facing new challenges. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, the development gains that the international community has accumulated over the years have been severely eroded. In July, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said that between 720 million and 811 million people in the world faced hunger in 2020, an increase of about 161 million people from 2019.Data suggest that the world is largely off track in terms of achieving the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030. The world economy is struggling to recover from the pandemic, with inflation levels in some developed countries rising to multiyear highs and interest rate hikes in the U.S. and Europe posing stagflationary challenges for the global economy. The ongoing turmoil in Ukraine has had a serious impact on the eurozone economy, while international energy and food prices have continued to rise and global supply chain disruptions have intensified.

Moreover, there remains a perception deficit between North and South regarding the global development deficit, and a fragmented global consciousness has become a major obstacle to cooperation. According to the UN Sustainable Development Report 2021, the pandemic has slowed progress on 17 goals for 2030, with regression in some areas and a decline in the Human Development Index for the first time in three decades.

It is against this backdrop that the Global Development Initiative and the Belt and Road Initiative, China's twin programs for the world, have given prominence to the promotion of common development.

With the focus on putting development first, putting people at the center, staying inclusive, pursuing innovation-driven development, striving for harmony between humans and nature and becoming action-oriented, the core of the GDI is to promote common development. Its goal is to build a global human community with a shared future. The GDI will eventually promote the building of this community in which “humans rise and fall together with a shared future and the interests of all countries are closely tied up with each other.”

The GDI and the 2020 UN Decade of Action echo each other, focusing on the most pressing issues facing developing countries, such as poverty reduction and eradication, food security, economic recovery, education, health and providing 21st century solutions.The Belt and Road Initiative can function as an important platform for promoting the joint implementation the Sustainable Development Goals. The Belt and Road Economics report from the World Bank predicts that by 2030 the BRI will have helped lift 7.6 million people out of extreme poverty and 32 million out of moderate poverty in the countries concerned, giving new impetus to global development cooperation.

The global development agenda has entered a countdown, with 17 sustainable development goals and 169 targets to be achieved by 2030. The GDI and the BRI, though proposed by China, belong to the world. They focus the pulse and urgent needs of global development, and have received positive responses and broad support from the international community.To promote each other and work together for more benefits, China should do the following three things to promote their implementation:

First, it should unite with developing countries and unleash the potential of South-South cooperation. Within the South-South framework, China should provide assistance to other developing countries within its capacity to implement the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and respect the equal development opportunities and rights of other developing countries.China should follow the guidelines for practical cooperation and seize opportunities for development in the digital economy, vaccine cooperation, connectivity and green development, ensuring that joint efforts are made toward self-improvement. China should adhere to the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and other principles, and ask developed countries to ensure that their words are consistent with their actions in support of developing countries' green and low-carbon transition. China should also explore new economic models and new development patterns and help other developing countries to promote economic and social recovery.

Second, China should unite with other developed countries in narrowing the North-South development divide. In 2015, China became a member of the Development Center of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, or OECD. In its reform and opening-up China has explored the “well-functioning government plus efficient market” model of economic development, which has great appeal.The measures taken by developed countries to accelerate their post- epidemic economic recovery and their international development commitments will determine the development path for the next five or even 10 years, directly affecting the achievement of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.China should urge developed countries to fulfill their commitments to assist developing countries, implement responsible macroeconomic policies, curb the global spread of hyperinflation and reduce the negative spillover effects on developing countries. China should work with other developing countries to oppose any country or individual engaging in a technological blockade, technological divide and development decoupling. It should promote North-South cooperation.

Third, China should strengthen and give full play to the role of the United Nations in the practice of multilateralism. China should continue to ensure that the United Nations places development at the heart of its agenda, and puts multilateralism into practice in all aspects of international development cooperation.China should also take a clear-cut stand against unilateralism, protectionism, ideologically based discrimination and politicization of development. It should pursue cooperation through consultation on international affairs and adhere to a pattern of international development cooperation, with North-South cooperation as the main channel and South-South cooperation as a complement.It should promote and lead the discourse system, knowledge construction and paradigm research on global development cooperation in the multilateral development framework. And it should promote the active participation of the private sector, NGOs, think tanks and the media in the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

In short, by refocusing on development issues, recommitting to sustainable development goals, reinvigorating the global partnership and reactivating international development cooperation, China has put forward a road map for narrowing the North-South divide and addressing development imbalances.It has also provided an accelerator for advancing the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and created a powerful synergy for promoting stronger, greener and healthier global development and building a human community with a shared future.